Teaching Profession and Teaching Element
Name : Desi katrina s
Class : 3.2
NIM : 1988203038
Course: Model dan pendekatan pembelajaran
Lecturer: Dr. Herlina wati, M. Ed
1. Teaching profession
What Learning and Teaching Should Be
This book is not merely another book containing a collection of teaching techniques and dos
and don’ts. The first thing this book will try is to have you—potential teachers—read its contents
with an open mind. This book finds it saddening to see that the culture of learning and teaching
has not been the best it can be for many years and in many places. Some teachers could spend
the majority of classroom time sitting on their desk, lecturing and going through slides, barely
interacting with the students and expecting them to be able to keep up with mere commentaries.
Without enforced discipline, many students could simply sit at the back of the class and spend
entire hours whispering to their classmates or sleeping through class. «Social media and mobile
phones are distractions in the classroom» is not an unfamiliar statement, and students could go
through class chatting and playing games rather than listening or taking notes.
There are many instances when if students could not answer questions or make mistakes,
teachers might berate them and snidely remark how they should have known about the lesson
material from online sources if they bothered to make use of their free time. Some teachers who
did not care if students truly understand the concept and simply wanted their classes to have students with high scores, have even let students copy off each other or from some previous student who had posted the answers to the same task a semester or year ago without addressing the blatant plagiarism and lack of true learning.
Decades ago, teachers are most respected. During our grandparents’ time, the only resource they have to seek out knowledge and train their skills is teachers. Teachers were essential for children to be smart. Teachers were highly necessary for kids to develop an intellectual way of thinking, a philosophical way of self-reflecting.
What the teachers know and believe were passed down to the next generation. Teachers taught their students with their hearts, and students listened to their teachers’ advice. The natural result of this kind of priority are teachers teaching students to memorize what they need to pass tests,students studying for the shallow goal of high scores, and even parents encouraging students to
get top ranks because good grades are pre-requisite for well-paying colleges and careers.
Instead, education is a transfer of knowledge, without the transfer of akhlak , so there are many people who are smart yet not of good character.
Teaching should not be just for the sake of producing students who can reach ideal scores.
We are now entering Education 4.0 . Look up for the trends of education of the world, which is what is popular and highly encouraged in the field. As of now, the highest goal of education worldwide is the development of growth mindset, which is the way of thinking that we control our ability, so we can learn knowledge and skills by being committed to learn. That kind of teacher is not a good teacher and not the type of educator that will ever be desired.
That kind of teacher has what is called a fixed mindset, which is the belief that someone is either born smart or stupid. This means you also have a fixed mindset. Fixed mindset is a huge obstacle for your development as a learner. More importantly, it is a huge boulder for you as a potential teacher.
You are not smart and you are not stupid. Whether or not you are smart or stupid is determined by your effort.
Read back on Jay Shetty’s script about education on page vi. When you look at other people who you think they have talent so they have it easy to be successful, you are actually under what is called the iceberg illusion.
With a fixed mindset, you will only believe that you are not good enough, that your situation cannot be helped. Failure is not your limit. Failure is an opportunity to grow. With a growth mindset, you will understand that failure and disappointments are normal. If students do not respect and accept wholeheartedly of the knowledge you impart to them, they might not grow. If you as a teacher do not respect and give wholeheartedly the knowledge you have, your students and yourself would not grow. The type of education that we all must aim for is when the classroom pushes both students and teachers to adapt and improve. Students will grow when their teacher pushes themselves to be better in teaching them, and teachers will grow when their students put the effort to truly apply what they learn.
In the figure below, you will see examples of the kind of thinking students should be encouraged to have.
Breaking Down the Profession of Teaching
Teaching as a profession can be described as a professional occupation in the education sector based on a specialization on a certain field. Because teachers are still needed to give focus, to monitor, to assess. Teachers do much more than just teach. The job description for the profession of teaching is lengthy and much more than most people realize.
Most teachers still work after the school is over, needing to take work home because it’s often too much to do on one sitting. So, you’ve to continuously study and review new research within their content area. Just like your students, you also have the pressure to stay updated, with the additional task of making sure that you’re able to break apart new concepts into terms that your students can understand. Find a way to implement the teaching material to be relevant in daily life to breathe more context into the lesson.
You as a teacher must assess what technology would be advantageous to use in the classroom. In modern society, you must utilize the Internet and social media to search for activities, lessons, and teaching resources that you can utilize within or supplement a lesson. This book can’t stress the importance for you to make your lessons relevant for your students’ everyday lives if not their future. But you can’t make the learning goals however you want because s a teacher of an institution you must link your lesson plans onto the learning objectives of the required standards of your institution, which you can find in the curriculum.
You as a teacher must arrive at school early, stay late, and spend part of your weekend to make sure you’re prepared. Not to mention, you’re the one setting a good example for your students. Develop ways to differentiate instruction to challenge all students without frustrating them while still ensuring that everyone meet the learning objective. You must walk around the room, checking student progress, and assisting students who may not completely understand the assignment.
Decide on a behavior management plan, which means «gaining mastery» over classroom management, procedures, and expectation. By «gaining mastery» we mean that you must hold students responsible for what they do by determining an appropriate consequence when they disobey to the point of disrupting the learning environment. This is crucial so you can determine whether or not students have mastered a topic or are in need of re-teaching or remediation, which in turn, is a pretty big point in your teacher-parent talks. You’re obliged to attend in the required professional development because you’ve to learn the content and figure out how to apply it to your classroom.
Also participate in optional professional development for areas that you recognize as your individual weakness or as an opportunity to learn something new. Obviously, establish healthy working relationships with your co-workers. You should spend time observing them, for that matter, so you can have in-depth conversations with other educators to exchange ideas and ask for guidance or guide. Use the feedback from their evaluations as a driving force for growth and improvement.
This is so you can engage the parents in students’ learning process. Plan with other grade level and/or content level teachers to determine common themes, objectives, and activities. This will be particularly fruitful when your students could relate what they learn from other subjects to yours and vice versa. Another duty a teacher has is to serve as a sponsor for a class or club activity.
As a sponsor, you have to organize and oversee all of the activities. Oversee classroom fundraising opportunities, including tallying and submitting orders, turning in and counting money, and sorting and distributing orders. Some teachers think these «extra-classes» are a bother, but try to think of it as a time to teach your students in a less formal way than an official class in which you can connect much better with your kids. Remember from Chapter I, teachers must develop and cultivate relationships with their students, and they accomplish this by building a trusting rapport with each student on mutual respect.
Sit on committees to review and oversee critical aspects of the school such as budget, hiring new teachers, school safety, student health, and curriculum. You must have empathy for every student. Be willing to put yourselves in your students’ shoes and realize that life is a struggle for many of them. Health is also something teachers must pay attention to.
You should monitor the health and safety of all their students. Look for signs of abuse or neglect, and report it anytime you suspect or believe a student is in any potential danger. If you found one student or some in risk, complete referrals for individual needs and services . You must counsel students when they bring a personal issue to them.
Be a willing listener capable of giving students great life advice that can help lead them to the right decisions. You must help students identify their individual strengths and weaknesses. This is often unmentioned at first because it’s something most teachers realize in the middle of the way, but you should make enough paper copies for your students. You should change the decoration on your bulletin boards, doors, and classroom at various points in the year.
Use these moments to teach valuable life lessons that can carry on throughout their life. Go the extra mile for your students offering tutoring or extended help for students who may be struggling. Teaching appeals to those who wishes to touch and make better of the lives of their students.
The Challenges of Teaching
In the process of writing this book, we have engaged with multiple people with teaching experience to compile a list on the things that makes the profession of teaching challenging. Like we mentioned, teachers don’t just teach. Teachers are sadly underpaid . Most teachers work take a side job to supplement their income.
This condition can change though, if you’re clever to spot opportunities to create lucrative outputs with your teaching. Teaching isn’t glamorous, are undervalued and underappreciated by many people in our society. It’s very odd, but our society has the idea that teaching is the most noble perception, but also places a negative stigma that teachers «complain too much and so don’t do much». There’s a general lack of respect.
Just a few decades ago, if a student got poor grade, it was because they weren’t accepting the knowledge that the teacher gave them. Nowadays, if a student is failing, teachers get blamed, even though they really can’t focus on an individual in a class of 30 students, not to mention when a single teacher has to teach multiple classes and multiple subjects. Teachers are unfortunate scapegoats for society when students aren’t showcasing their brilliance and this speaks of the general lack of respect toward the profession. This lack of respect in schools can be traced back to what is taught in the home.
To be blunt, many parents fail to instill the importance of core values such as respect as they once did. Students are smart enough to know if they'd be given leeway or get off scot free if they feel you're too emphatic. Figuring out your boundaries is hard for new teachers. Meaning, if the school’s student body had low achievements, the school’s income lessens, so your class might be overcrowded or only have outdated tech and books. If the school is understaffed too, teachers might have to take on dual roles to save school budget. Overcrowded classroom is a hassle because every person has different personalities, interests, abilities, and needs. The practice of standardization means all students are treated and taught as if they are the same, when in fact some of them have high or low ability, motivation, and other factors.
The best teacher evaluates and teaches each student differently, but doing so came at the price of the teacher’s time and energy. Being a teacher takes up more time than what is shown in the class schedule. You’d have to arrive earlier and would probably stay late to grade papers, prepare for next lessons, other paperwork. Not just in teacher’s life in general as stated on the previous point, but also in class.
If you have children of your own or someone younger under your care, your work will consume much of your family and quality time, more so when you need to bring your paperwork home. It’s frustrating to invest time learning and implementing new things, only to have new research come out to say it does not work. At the same time, while teaching practices are encouraged to be updated on a constant basis, society at large and local emphasizes standardized testing results. Nowadays, teachers are judged on their class’ test scores .
Education could be too political. Politics affect the local and state levels including education, and unfortunately many politicians continue to push mandates on schools and teachers without truly seeking input from educators themselves or consider the potential impact of a mandate 5 years from now. Some other teachers might not make it easy on you. New teachers might be intimidated with «veteran» teachers, and some «veteran» teachers might even be cold to collaborate or provide support such as lesson plans and ideas.
Lastly, some students could be very inappropriate, sharing and asking topics such as relationships, sex, pregnancies, drugs, family gossips, and even give away movie spoilers. Doing something hard often equal worthy rewards, whether they are actual rewards or simply your own satisfaction on having completed the challenging task.
The Rewards of Teaching
This profession is hard, but also bore the best fruits. This book has also asked many teachers to share what they found rewarding in their profession. You're a contributing member of society. You'd look around at your fellow teachers and realize you're surrounded by some of the most caring and dedicated people in the world .
As much as teachers find things hard, they still stick to the job because they are invested for the future. You and other teachers share the same experiences of this emotionally draining job. When there are too many responsibilities, teachers can share the duties based on each other’s weaknesses and strengths. Many students might claim their lessons were boring, but for you teaching would never be a bore.
Time, students, topics, even the state of the society are just some of the many variables that make every class different. Your students learn stuff, obviously. But there's a difference between giving a student an A or 100 and knowing that this kid had worked hard to bring up their Ds to As. Sure, you learn so you can teach, but you also learn surprising responses from your kids to things that adult-you may take for granted.
Whether it's a different interpretation of a classic story, an unconventional approach to solving a problem, or a whole new outlook on life, you can learn as much from your kids as they will from you. They engage students in creative lessons that spark self-interest and the desire to learn more about a particular topic. This career gives you the chance to collaborate with all kinds of people It's up to you to connect and create more opportunities. Teachers are a necessary part of our society so this job will always exist.
The best reward most teachers agree on is when they found those students who really love to learn. Years later, you might get a blast from the past when your ex-student sent a thank you card or a picture of them making it big in their lives.
What Makes a Good Teacher?
Students’ teacher’s philosophy will influence you. When you are learning, your mind is open, and whoever your teacher may be, their ideas, body language, way of speaking, etc. may affect you, the student. Ideally, learners should be able to choose their own teacher. But in conventional education, students have limited choice.
Learning and teaching should not make life as a job training. Both students and teachers have many values to pass down beyond simple knowledge, and so should be open-minded to accept them wholeheartedly. But you as learners must also reflect what your teachers give you. Teachers are not perfect, will make mistakes, and occasionally exercise poor judgment.
There are times that you’re simply overwhelmed, lose focus, or cannot remember why you chose to stay committed to this profession. These things are human nature. And in the same vein, your students are also human. What makes you a good teacher is your respect for your students’ struggle.
Be professional by choosing your words carefully. Teachers have an awesome responsibility that should never be taken lightly. The words you use can actually impact the intellectual abilities of your students. Also, sometimes we forget where many of these students come from and the situations that they deal with on a daily basis.
Advice the student who did that privately. The saddest part of this situation is that current media seems to keep showing cases of lack of respect between students and teachers, such as abuse. Remember, as a teacher, you are a professional. Don’t claim that a student «will never be able to do that.» Encourage your students, don’t discourage them, even if their dreams may sound lofty or impossible.
No teachers should crush any student’s dreams. When you tell our students they can’t do something, you place a lid on their potential. Teachers are big influencers, so show students a pathway to achieving success, rather than telling them they will never get past obstacles. Don’t accuse a student is «just lazy.» When students are repeatedly told that they are lazy, it becomes a part of who they are.
Many students get mislabeled as «lazy» when there is often a deeper reason why they’re not giving much effort. « You should have been listening.» Each student understands differently and your job is to make sure everyone understands. Some students may require more explanation or instruction than others. Even if only one student is asks a question, many more might also need further explanation, so think of another way to reinforce your points.
Honestly, never say «I don’t care if my students like me.» Teaching is often more about relationships than it is about teaching itself. You can accomplish so much more when students like you genuinely. Please, do not gossip about another teacher with a parent, student, or another teacher. Discussing about different ways other teachers teach, students learn, or parents react to figure out how to solve any issues is great, but gossiping and talking bad about others is disrespecting them.
Gossiping will just create discord and make it more difficult to work, teach, and learn. Complacency will ruin a teacher’s career. Go the extra mile by implementing your ideas through research, professional development, and by talking with other educators. Otherwise, it can be an embarrassment when your students found out from their seniors or alumni that you’ve used the same material or technique a decade ago.
It does a disservice to your students and education as a whole too. The list for what teachers shouldn’t do is very long, and so does the list for the things you should do.
Here are several things that an awesome teacher should do
Students will naturally look forward to coming to your class and learning if they know that you aren’t uptight and rigid, and a motivated teacher would make students fired up. Students must know what your expectations are on a daily basis. Give students control. Student autonomy makes students more likely to engage.
Be flexible, else both you and your students would keep failing because of your unwillingness to adapt. As new teachers you might want to be all friendly and not stern, but teachers must assert authority so classroom would run smoothly throughout the semester. Know your resources. You need to give clear instructions because kids like to avoid doing assignments by claiming «I didn't get what the homework was so I didn't do it.» Even better, tell them the goal of the assignments to make students feel the relevance of doing them.
No students want their studies to be mind-numbing instead of mind-stimulating.
The Status Quo of Education in Indonesia
Indonesia’s population will reach its peak with about 70% of our demography as part of the working age group in 2030, but our economy is still declining because job creation is still not accelerated and youth unemployment statistics is still rising due to tight labor regulations, skill mismatches, and low education quality. A constitutional mandate to spend 20% of the national budget on education. However, since national budget is 15% of GDP, Indonesia’s spending for education is only 3% of GDP, one of the lowest in the region. An increase is needed because if you think education is expensive, you should try the cost of ignorance.
Increase of resources to schools with the School Operational Assistance Grant program
A classroom in which teachers and students’ highest goal is merely to memorize facts so they can correctly answer the tests to past the standard grade is now considered left behind. Building more secondary and tertiary schools to accommodate elementary school graduates will take a very long time, but what we can do now is to improve the quality of all our students so they can learn and survive outside of school.
To Teach or Not to Teach?
Internet, books, all those resources are simply tools that store knowledge for children to reach. Education is no longer as monotonous as it used to be when primary education started to become compulsory all over the world sometime after 1775, but it still has challenges from so many different factors because while your job title is ‘teacher’ you have to do more than just ‘teach’. You have administration duties, you have to manage things beyond lessons, and beyond teaching you also have to learn just like your students. A good teacher expects their students to succeed and also expect themselves to succeed.
Educational Books that May Inspire You
This book is perfect if you want to learn about how gender disparity in teacher salaries came to be. Sound practices to bridge the gap between theory learned in college and practice in the K-12 classroom. This book is ideal for a brand-new teacher looking for ways to plan his or her classroom or a veteran teacher looking to add structure. Since 2009 it too has become a staple of college classrooms and teachers’ bookshelves across the country.
Includes a helpful collection of classroom-ready templates and tools. This book provides a twenty-first century look at critical pedagogy and encourages teachers to value their students’ experiences and contributions. Shalaby gives readers four case studies of «troublemakers» to show how each child is unique and equally valuable. Perfect for new elementary teachers looking for ways to apply the concept of differentiated instruction.
A homeschooled child of survivalist parents remembers her difficult but ultimately triumphant transition to mainstream life. Westover recounts her journey and helps the reader see mainstream society from the eyes of a child who never stepped foot in a classroom but went on to achieve academic excellence anyway. This is a story about tenacity and grit and is a good choice for anyone looking to confirm their belief in the powers of personal fortitude and education. Wong, H. , Wong, R. Wong Publications.
Strategies for classroom management from day one. This indispensable book has been used in teacher training programs for years because it is so good. Wong emphasizes the importance of classroom procedures with clear expectations and consistent consequences. By investing time developing consistent in classroom procedures, teachers actually have more time and space for instruction.
Malala Yousafzai, the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, tells her personal story of her fight for girls’ education in Pakistan. If you are looking for a young hero, Malala is your girl. Her memoir is a must-read for anyone passionate about education for girls.
2. Teaching Element
Instructional Planning
Teachers plan. Good teachers don’t simply “wing it”. Teachers have to organize their lesson plans by considering the curriculum, school resources, student motivation, student ability and other variables that will affect all instructional decisions teachers must decide before they actually teach.
You as a teacher must have a solid lesson plan not only so you will not flounder during teaching, but also so the superior evaluating your teaching performance will have a solid idea and expectation of how you will run your class. The above example is not a concrete guideline. You and a co-worker may be teaching the same lesson topic, but the way you personally teach are different thus you cannot simply copy another’s lesson plan is it is highly likely unsuitable for you.
Below is a diagram summarizing the most important variables that you must plan for:
In doing so, you will reflect on your role as a teacher, the role your students play, and what kind of learning you are aiming for. In the 20th century’s first half, society at large believe in behaviorism , which emphasizes teachers to use certain activities to stimulate students to behave appropriately and learn the information given to them. Behaviorists view students as passive recipients, like an empty bottle that respond passively to teachers’ cues who will be rewarded if they behave and punished if disruptive. Overtime, education has realized students in reality actively respond to their environment based on their background knowledge, motivation, and strategies.
The table below details the differences between curriculum and syllabus.
Your Learning Objective: Taxonomy and Task Analysis
Teachers are not directly or solely responsible to create a school curriculum and syllabus, but you will be responsible to determine the goals of your classes. Specifying learning objectives is commonly difficult because schools generally have a broad spectrum of goals and individual teachers prioritize different things. For example, imagine this scenario of three physical exercise teachers discussing their goals:
A wants the students to develop their muscle strength and flexibility so no matter what kind of other exercises they do, they’ll have a good foundation.
B prefers students to know many different kinds of exercises so they will be able to differentiate aerobic and anerobic exercises.
Meanwhile C is concerned about when the students will inevitably leave school and wants students to be motivated to continue exercising for life so they will not end up as couch potatoes.
All three of these objectives are equally important, but attempting to reach all of them for one class is nigh impossible so teachers must select on a specific learning objective. One topic could have dozens of goals, so make it easier to select them, teachers can use two conceptual tools: taxonomy and task analysis.
Taxonomy
This tool divides the broad selection of objectives into 3 domains:
Cognitive Domain
This domain consists of objectives concerned with obtaining knowledge, understanding, and skill, such as teacher B’s goal.
Affective Domain
Objectives of this domain is aware that school doesn’t exist simply to make students smarter as teacher C said. Schools also aim to internalize students with healthy views, moral values, and good manners
Psychomotor Domain
This domain involves the development of coordination and physical skills (Harrow, 1972), which is the goal of teacher A. The physical activities aren’t limited to physical education, but can also include typing, music, home economics, arts and crafts
Task Analysis
After you have determined your learning objective, ask «what will I show and tell my students to do so they can reach the learning objective?» This tool breaks down the learning objective into small tasks . You can see that task analysis helps you break complex skills into smaller subskills that will be easier for you to teach to students. For this example, teacher D would have to firstly make students understand what sentences are, then help them understand how to punctuate the different kinds of sentences, and finally have them write and punctuate on their own.
Your Learning Activities: Lesson Plan
Lesson plans focus your efforts on a specific day and class, so it is commonly personalized for each teacher. You have seen an example of a good lesson plan on Table 2.1.
Allocated time is the amount of time teachers assign to different learning activities. Depending on which activity you’d prioritize, the time allocated to specific activities can vary.
When you choose the type of assignment, you must choose the type that would provide the most benefit for the students based on your assessment measures .
There are some types of assignments you can choose for the class activity:
Whole-class; you lecture the class as a whole and have them all participate in discussion.
Small groups; you have students to work on assignments in groups.
Workshops; you get students to perform various tasks simultaneously.
Independent work; you ask students to complete their assignments individually.
Peer learning; you ask them to work together and learn from one another.
Contractual work; both you and your students come to an agreement of what kind of assignments students should do and what their deadline will be.
Your Evaluation: Assessment
As students, you have to participate in quizzes, do your exercises, and submit your home assignments. Though in recent years, you may even ask your students to create their own questions and answer them on their own so the students can provoke their own knowledge. This is called instructional alignment, which is the matching of learning objectives, activities, and assessment . You can’t aim for students to be able to create an essay when your learning activities focus on isolated grammar skills.
Without this alignment, it will be difficult for you and your students to understand what is being learned .
How do you make your teaching elements align?
Step 1 : Develop learning objectives
Step 2 : Identify how you would assess if students reached the learning objectives
Step 3 : Design the way you would teach the material so students can reach the learning objectives
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