Summary Chapter 1 & 2

 Name: Nasibah

Class : 3.2

Nim : 1988203055

TEACHING PROFESSION

A. What Learning and teaching should be

Several ten years ago, teachers are number one. People who very honorable, because they are teach  with all their heart. But now, since technology is getting more sophisticated, learning is getting easier, Teachers be lazy because they think the students can learn by themselves.  Teachers like don't care about students' knowledge. They just give their students' tasks and then they don't give explanation about the lesson. 

And now as  a future Teachers we must more aware as early as possible. Because we are now entering education 4.0 which is the highest goal of education worldwide is the development of growth mindset. With a growth mindset, you will understand that failure and dissappointments are normal. And other than that we also have to fixed our mindset. Because fixed mindset, you will believe that you are good enough, if you work harder to be what you want. And our goal as a teacher in this era is to create learners who Will challenge themselves to be innovative who go the extra miles. Students will grow when their teacher pushes themselves to be better in teaching them, and teachers Will grow when their students put the effort to truly apply what they learn.

And the first step for us as a future teachers are to really evaluate our progress with record our class. So, we go to the extra miles, take a video of our teaching our class, and watch it to catch any errors we have made, all successes we have done, anything unexpected that happened, so we can improve  our teaching performance and help other teachers as well. 

B. Breaking Down the Proffesion of Teaching

Teaching as a profession can be described as a professional occupation in the education sector based on a specialization on a certain field. But now in this modern world, when students can be smart without teachers why teaching profession still necessary? Because tecahers are still needed to give focus, to monitor and to added. Teachers do much more than just teach.  Teaching is a difficult and misunderstood profession and required a dedicated, patient, and willing person to keep up with all of the job's demands, which are:

• You gotta understand what you teach

• In the same vein, you have to keep up with and study new instructional pedagogy

• Furthermore, you must keep up with the newest technological trends 

• But you can't make the learning goals

• You as a teacher must arrive at school early, stay late, and spend part of your weekend to make sure you're prepared

• Organize your classroom in a student friendly way

• Develop ways to differentiate instruction

• You must decide whether or not a seating chart is appropriate

• You must monitor students while they are working independently

• Decide on a behavior management plan

• Try to formulate questions that require both higher and lower level responden

• You must break down data from assessment

• You're obligated to attend in the required professional development

• Sometimes, these obligations might make you miss a class

• Obviusly, establish healthy working relationships with your co-workers

• Also, keep your kids' parents informed of their progress

• Plan with other grade level and content level teachers common themes, objectives, and activities

• Another duty a teacher has is to serve as a sponsor for a class or club activity

• Oversee classroom fundraising opportunities 

• At some point, you'd also have to organize and schedule class field trips 

• Extra-curricular activities include your presence

• Sit on commitees to review and oversee critical aspects of the school

• You must have empaty for every students

• Health is also something teachers must pay attention

• You must counsel students when they bring a personal issue to them

• You must help students identify their individual strengths and weaknesses

• This is often unmentioned at first

• You should change the decoration

• As a teacher you must be a role model

• You must pause from lessons to take advantage of teachable moments

• Go the extra mile for your students

C. The Challenges of Teaching

• The job salary never make you rich

• Teaching isn't glamorous

• there's a general lack of respect

• Since students themselves also have general lack of respect their own teachers

• You can't play favoritsm

• Most schools are underfunded

• Overcrowded classroom is a hassle

• Overcrowded class

• Too many kids' means too many parents

• This job gives you tons of paperwork 

• Being a teacher takes up more time than what is shown in the clss schedule

• Time is limited

• Education is trendy

• Education could bee too political

• Some other teachers might not make it easy on you

• The way kids  communicate is different

• Lastly, some students could be very inappropriate

D. The Rewards of Teaching

• You're a contributing member of society

• You will realize you're surrounded

• You and other teachers share the same experiences 

• At some point, someone might you cry

• Your students might claim their lessons where boring

• Your students learn stuff, obviously

• You learn stuff

• You can be legit nerds

• Give you chance to collaborate with all kinds of people

• Teaching rarely males you rich

• You can build a vacation

• The job market is both flexible and permanent

• The best reward Most teachers agree

E. What Makes a Good Teacher?

• Don't yell at or call a student in front of their peers

• Encourage your students, don't discourage them

• Don't accuse a student is "just lazy" 

• Telling them "That's a stupid question!" Is a big No

• Don't dismissively say "I've already gone over that. You should have been listening"

• Honestly, never say "I don't care if my students like me"

• Please, don't gossip about another teacher with a parent, student, or another teacher

• Becoming complacent is arguably the biggest problem you'd have

Other things that a professional teacher should not commit might be:

Being afraid to apologize or admit when you make a mistake

Treating students differently based on personal interests

Ignoring a student

Creating unfair rules

Misusing your authority

Having a negative attitude on a consistent basis

Never giving control over to your students

Being hypocritical

Using profanity (swear/curse words)

Violating a student’s personal space

Giving vindictive or counterproductive threats

Holding things against a student that is beyond their control, such as a grudge on their mother or father who was an alumni and had been a bad student or such reasons

Here are several things that an awesome teacher should do:

• Have a positive attitude. In fact, be funny

• Be consistent 

• Be fair

• Give students control

•  Be flexible

• As new teacher you might want to be all friendly and not stern

• Know your resources

• Be specific

• Notice how kids learn, react, and interact in different ways-be creative

F. The Status Quo of Education in Indonesia

According to Ministry of Education and culture, Indonesia recorded 169.378 public schools and 138.277 private schools, totaling to 307.655 schools in 2018.

Improvement of our education is demanded because our population in the near future Will be-nay, already is expected to have the four skills that are desired, essential, and the 2020 Target of Education are Critical thinking, creative thinking, computer speak, and Collaborative Competence.

G. To Teach or Not to Teach

In this modern world, if school teachers don’t teach, can children be smart?

Yes.

They have the Internet. They have books. They can self-learn all sorts of subjects, languages, skills and specific professions if they so choose. So, what are teachers for? 

To give focus. To monitor. To assess.

Internet, books, all those resources are simply tools that store knowledge for children to reach. But they neither know how to reach for them yet nor the best way to grasp them. It is frustrating to see students who have tremendous potential but do not want to put in the hard work necessary to maximize that potential. The journey is hard, but it doesn’t have to be void of fun. Education is no longer as monotonous as it used to be when primary education started to become compulsory all over the world sometime after 1775, but it still has challenges from so many different factors because while your job title is ‘teacher’ you have to do more than just ‘teach’. You have administration duties, you have to manage things beyond lessons, and beyond teaching you also have to learn just like your students. A good teacher expects their students to succeed and also expect themselves to succeed.

TEACHING ELEMENTS

A. Instructional Planning

Teachers plan. Good teachers don’t simply “wing it”. Teachers have to organize their lesson plans by considering the curriculum, school resources, student motivation, student ability and other variables that will affect all instructional decisions teachers must decide before they actually teach.

You as a teacher must have a solid lesson plan not only so you will not flounder during teaching, but also so the superior evaluating your teaching performance will have a solid idea and expectation of how you will run your class. Your lesson plan is your “script” which gives you confidence and reduce the anxiety beginning teachers typically have.

B. Your Topic: Curriculum and Syllabus

 A curriculum is the guideline of the course/program, covering the knowledge, skill, behavior, and performance that will be taught to and expected of students. In essence, a curriculum is what an educational institution offers to students. It is well-planned by the government and educational institutions for a long duration. Teachers do not make the curriculum, but adhere to its objectives.

A curriculum contains all factors involved in an educational program, and one of it is called a syllabus, which covers the portion of what topics should be taught in a subject or content area. Subject syllabus is a unit of the curriculum containing 7 primary segments: instructor data, general class data, course targets, course arrangements, grading and assessment, learning assets, and the course calendar. The table below details the differences between curriculum and syllabus.

C. Your Learning Objective: Taxonomy and Task Analysis

Taxonomy

This tool divides the broad selection of objectives into 3 domains:

Cognitive Domain 

This domain consists of objectives concerned with obtaining knowledge, understanding, and skill, such as teacher B’s goal. Researchers have developed Bloom’s taxonomy to classify the different student outcomes that are in the cognitive domain.

                   Affective Domain 

Objectives of this domain is aware that school doesn’t exist simply to make students smarter as teacher C said. Schools also aim to internalize students with healthy views, moral values, and good manners (Krathwohl, Bloom, & Masia, 1964). Affective learning objectives ask “what are schools for?” (Noddings, 2003).

                 Psychomotor Domain 

This domain involves the development of coordination and physical skills (Harrow, 1972), which is the goal of teacher A. The physical activities aren’t limited to physical education, but can also include typing, music, home economics, arts and crafts.

Task Analysis

After you have determined your learning objective, ask “what will I show and tell my students to do so they can reach the learning objective?” This tool breaks down the learning objective into small tasks (Alberto & Troutman, 2003). 

For example, teacher D’s learning objective is for students to write simple sentences with correct punctuation, so they wrote down the skills needed to meet this objective: (1) Being able to differentiate between complete sentences and sentence fragments, (2) Knowing the difference between declarative, interrogatory, and imperative sentences, (3) Knowing whether periods, question, or exclamation marks go with each type of sentence, and (4) Correctly using these marks to punctuate different kinds of sentences. You can see that task analysis helps you break complex skills into smaller subskills that will be easier for you to teach to students. For this example, teacher D would have to firstly make students understand what sentences are, then help them understand how to punctuate the different kinds of sentences, and finally have them write and punctuate on their own.

D. Your Learning Activities: Lesson Plan

Lesson plans focus your efforts on a specific day and class, so it is commonly personalized for each teacher. It needs to be specific enough to give you structure and a solid idea on how you will proceed with your class, but also general enough to give you room to be flexible and adapt to unexpected circumstances (e.g., interruption by other teachers, unruly students, malfunctioning technology facility, students taking too long to finish their assignment).

The last item on the table above is perhaps the most difficult to control. Allocated time is the amount of time teachers assign to different learning activities. Depending on which activity you’d prioritize, the time allocated to specific activities can vary.

There are some types of assignments you can choose for the class activity:

Whole-class: you lecture the class as a whole and have them all participate in discussion.

Small groups:  you have students to work on assignments in groups.

Workshops: you get students to perform various tasks simultaneously.

Independent work: you ask students to complete their assignments individually.

Peer learning: you ask them to work together and learn from one another.

Contractual work: both you and your students come to an agreement of what kind of assignments students should do and what their deadline will be. 

E. Your Evaluation: Assessment

You should be intimately familiar with this portion. As students, you have to participate in quizzes, do your exercises, and submit your home assignments. Now, as teachers, you are the one who will prepare and create them. Though in recent years, you may even ask your students to create their own questions and answer them on their own so the students can provoke their own knowledge.